The Department of General Practice Physician Training in Therapy No. 2 at Samarkand State Medical Institute was established in 1999 under the leadership of Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Nazira Musayevna Khaitova, who headed the department for more than 14 years. From 2013 to the present, the department has been led by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Eleonora Negmatovna Tashkenbayeva.
Over the 27-year period, the range of academic disciplines in internal medicine has expanded. In addition to the subjects of internal diseases, emergency conditions in internal medicine clinics, and family medicine for final-year students of medical and medical-pedagogical faculties, in 2013, with the transition to a credit-modular education system, the department was renamed to Internal Diseases No. 2. The following subjects were added: fundamentals of internal medicine; therapy and clinical allergology for 3rd-4th year students of the Faculty of Stomatology; nursing in therapy for 2nd year students of the Faculty of Higher Nursing Training. Since 2016, foreign students of the 3rd-4th courses have begun studying at the department in the following subjects: Internal Medicine; Emergency Situations at the Internal Medicine Clinic; Family Medicine. Since September 2020, the number of foreign students has been rapidly increasing and an international faculty has been organized, and since 2021, foreign students have begun studying at the department under the MBBS program. Since its establishment, the clinical base of the department has been the Samarkand branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care, specifically the 2nd Emergency Therapy Department, as well as the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 7th, 8th, and 12th family polyclinics in the city of Samarkand. Since 2021, the Samarkand branch of the Republican Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Cardiology has been part of the clinical base of the department.
The department employed prominent educators such as Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor Murodillo Umarovich Qöyliyev, who wrote a textbook for students "Internal Diseases" in Uzbek, as well as two literary works: "Ma'naviyat haqida ba'zi uylar," "Ustoz va shogird"; Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor M.B. Mahmudov, who simultaneously headed the Emergency Therapy Department (1999-2004), Candidate of Medical Sciences. R.A.Jalilov, Ph.D., Associate Professor L.F.Kazimova, Ph.D., Senior Lecturer Kh.A.Ashrapov, Ph.D., Associate Professor D.K.Ishankulova, Ph.D. Kh.I.Turdibekov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Sh.Kh.Ziyadullaev (from 2020 to the present, he has been the Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation at SamSMU). Department staff have published 7 monographs, and over 600 scientific and educational articles and theses have been published in both local and leading foreign journals.
Tashkenbayeva Eleonora Negmatovna. Since 2013, the department has been headed by the former head of the Emergency Therapy Department No. 2 of the RSCEMC, Doctor of Medical Sciences. Eleonora Negmatovna Tashkenbayeva, under her supervision, 56 masters, more than 60 clinical residents in the specialty "Cardiology" of SamSMI and 20 clinical residents of SF RSCEMP in the specialty "Internal Diseases" were graduated, 10 dissertations of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Medical Sciences were defended, one dissertation work for the degree of Doctor of Sciences (DSc). In 2022, the Head of the Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiology No. 2 Tashkenbayeva E.N. received the title of Professor.
Under the supervision of Prof. E.N. Tashkenbayeva, from 2011 to 2014, research work was carried out under the applied program PPI-10 "Improving public health by developing new technologies and methods for diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases," under contract No. A10-SS-01154, ADSS5, on the topic: "Development of methods for correcting asymptomatic hyperuricemia to prevent the development of cardiovascular complications." Based on the research results, 52 scientific works have been published, including a monograph on the topic: "Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Pathogenetic Aspects, Clinical Presentation, Prognosis, and Correction," published by the "FAN" Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent-2014; the textbook "Clinical Pharmacology of Medicines Used in Cardiovascular Diseases" has been published; a patent for invention No. IAP 05346 "Method for Correcting Endothelial Dysfunction" has been obtained. Since 2015, the scientific and technical problem addressed by the Department of Internal Diseases No. 2 has been of increasing interest in identifying hereditary factors predisposing to the development of cardiovascular diseases. One of the main scientific directions is the study of the association of allelic polymorphism of candidate genes with the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Despite the enormous number of works on this topic carried out in leading genetic laboratories around the world, data on the influence of certain genes on the development of coronary artery disease in most cases are ambiguous. The reason for this is ethnic differences; the pleiotropic effect of genes; the presence of subclinical phenotypes; unconsidered factors influencing the phenotypic manifestation of an individual's genetic characteristics, etc. For this purpose, the role of biochemical markers reflecting the development of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the various clinical course of coronary heart disease associated with BGU is being studied, followed by the development of molecular genetic prediction methods for unstable angina variants and the effectiveness criteria of a personalized approach to their treatment.
From 2018 to 2020, the SamSMI Department and the Scientific Department of Emergency Therapy of the SB-RSCEMC under the supervision of Prof. E.N. Tashkenbayeva conducted research according to the applied program PPI-149 "Development of new types of treatment and methods of differentiated therapy and prevention of diseases, as well as adverse effects of environmental factors, based on the identification of genetic polymorphism and other determinants of pathological conditions of the human body," under contract PZ-20170927280 on the topic: "Development of molecular genetic methods for predicting unstable variants of angina and personalized approach to their therapy." In 2021, under the supervision of Doctor of Medical Sciences, Prof. E.N. Tashkenbayeva, a clinical study was conducted on the topic "Clinical study on the study of the clinical effectiveness and tolerance of the drug BRONCHOVALIN (small-flowered daisy extract) 0.4g. tablets, developed at the Research Institute of Oriental Medicine of Uzbekistan." From 2021 to 2023, work on an international grant was introduced jointly with the Saratov State Medical University on the topic: "Prognosis of development and personalized therapy of cardiovascular diseases in patients, including those who have undergone COVID-19, based on the study of clinical, laboratory, psychosocial factors and the use of information technologies." The department's participation in international research projects was a landmark milestone. Thus, in 2023, the team joined the implementation of the European grant Euroaspire VI, aimed at studying risk factors, the quality of secondary prevention and control of coronary heart disease in the countries of Europe and Central Asia. Joint work with leading foreign scientific centers has allowed department staff to adopt best practices, implement modern standards for monitoring patients with cardiovascular pathology, and expand scientific horizons in the field of preventive cardiology. Continuing this direction, the department opens a new stage of its scientific activity in 2025, beginning a large-scale project within the framework of a grant from the Ministry of Innovations of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the topic: "Implementation of precision solutions for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in coronary heart disease." Starting with participation in international projects such as Euroaspire VI and continuing with national initiatives of 2025, the department is confidently moving towards integration into the global scientific community and the development of innovative areas of precision medicine.
