Kardiorespirator tadqiqotlar jurnali 3 2021.pdf


Тема статьи

СВЯЗЬ МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОГО АЦИДОЗА С СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫМИ НАРУШЕНИЯМИ, НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ МЕТАБОЛОМИКИ У РЕЦИПИЕНТОВ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ ПОЧКИ (22-30)

Авторы

Хайбуллина З.Р., Назирова Л.А., Шарапов Н.У., Абдухалимова Х.В.

Учреждение

Республиканский специализированный научно-практический медицинский центр хирургии им. Ак. В.Вахидова

Аннотация

Метаболический ацидоз (МА) - непременный спутник терминальной стадии хронической болезни почек (ХБП). В частности, МА и дефицит бикарбоната оказывает непосредственное отрицательное влияние на почки и сердечную ткань: способствует ухудшению перфузии на уровне микроциркуляторного русла, гиперкалиемии и повышению внутриклеточного натрия, что непосредственно отражается на метаболизме кардиомиоцитов и клеток проводящих путей. Кроме того, МА способствует сдвигу кривой диссоциации оксигемоглобина вправо со снижением сродства гемоглобина к кислороду и десатурации, а также к нарушениям глубокого кислородного статуса, обусловливая тканевую гипоксию. У 46,5% реципиентов трансплантации почек (ТП) в послеоперационном периоде имеют место сердечно-сосудистые нарушения: ишемия, аритмия, острый коронарный синдром; а 73,8% реципиентов ТП умерли в течение 4 лет после операции. Метаболический ацидоз при уровне НСО3<20 ммоль/л ассоциируется с увеличением риска сердечно-сосудистых нарушений с увеличением смерти от всех причин, что требует пристального внимания к состоянию сердечно-сосудистой системы у реципиентов трансплантации почки.

Ключевые слова

метаболический ацидоз, сердечно-сосудистые нарушения, метаболомика, трансплантация почки.

Литературы

1. Ватазин А.В., Зулькарнаев А.Б. Трансплантация почки как оптимальный метод лечения хронической болезни почек // Лечебное дело. - 2013.-№3.-С.47-52. 2. Зулькарнаев А.Б. Сорбционно-фильтрационные методы экстракорпоральной гемокоррекции при трансплантации почки // Автореф. Д.м.н., Москва, 2015.-42с 3. Мойсюк Я.Г. Трансплантация почки от живого родственного донора // Учебно-методическое пособие. Москва. -2018.-60с 4. Моррисон В.В., Чеснокова Н.П., Бизенкова М.Н. Кислотно-основное состояние: типовые нарушения кислотно-основного состояния // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. – 2015. – № 3-2. – С. 273-278. 5. Синютин А.А., Ватазин А.В., А.Б. Зулькарнаев, Р.О. Кантария, Крстич М. Применение плазмафереза для коррекции функциональных нарушений и расстройств микроциркуляции почечного аллотрансплантата в раннем послеоперационном периоде // Нефрология, 2013.- Том 17. №4.-С.83-88. 6. Тепаев Р.Ф., Ластовка В.А., Пыталь А.В., Савлук А.В. Метаболический ацидоз: диагностика и лечение // Педиатрическая фармакология. - 2016.-№13 (4). -С. 385-389 7. Abbas F, El Kossi M, Kim JJ, Sharma A, HalawaAThromboticmicroangiopathy after renal transplantation: Current insights in de novo and recurrent disease// World J Transplant. 2018 Sep 10;8(5):122-141. doi: 10.5500/wjt. v8. i5.122. 8. AbbruzzeseThA, Tilney NL. Renal transplant surgery, perioperative care and postoperative complications // Clinical nephrology, Dialis, Transplantation (at Malluche et al. edition), 2005.Chapter-3.-P.1-16. 9. Adamczak M, Masajtis-Zagajewska A, Mazanowska O, Madziarska K, Stompór T, Więcek A. Diagnosis and Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease - Position Statement of the Working Group of the Polish Society of Nephrology // Kidney Blood Press Res.2018;43(3):959-969. doi: 10.1159/000490475. Epub 2018 Jun 7. 10. Alcázar Arroyo R Electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders in advanced chronic kidney disease //Nefrologia. 2008;28Suppl 3:87-93. 11. Alechinsky Louise, Frederic Favreau, Petra Cechova, SofianeInal, Pierre-Antoine Faye, Cecile Ory, RaphaëlThuillier, Benoit Barrou, Patrick Trouillas, Jerome Guillard and Thierry Hauet T. Acid Improves Renal Function Recovery after Renal Warm Ischemia–Reperfusion in a Rat Model // Biomolecules 2020, 10, 439; doi:10.3390/biom10030439.12. Ashurst IVM, Yaqoob M. A randomized trial to study the effect of bicarbonate supplementation on the rate of progression of renal failure and nutritional status in chronic kidney disease stage 4 and 5 patients // J Am SocNephrol. 2006; 17:37A 13. Bailey JL, Zheng B, Hu Z, Price SR, Mitch WE. Chronic kidney disease causes defects in signaling through the insulin receptor substrate/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway: implications for muscle atrophy // J Am SocNephrol. 2006; 17:1388–1394. 14. Blackhall M.L., Coombes J.S., Fassett R. The relationship between antioxidant supplements and oxidative stress in renal transplant recipients: a review // ASAIO J. – 2004. – Vol. 50(5). – P. 451–457. 15. Bushinsky DA1, Hostetter T2, Klaerner G3, Stasiv Y3, Lockey C3, McNulty S3, Lee A3, Parsell D4, Mathur V5, Li E6, Buysse J3, Alpern R. Randomized, Controlled Trial of TRC101 to Increase Serum Bicarbonate in Patients with CKD //Clin J Am SocNephrol.2018 Jan 6;13(1):26-35. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07300717. Epub 2017 Nov 4. 16. Capusa C., Stefan G., Stancu S., Lipan M., Tsur L-D, Mircescu G. Metabolic acidosis of chronic kidney disease and subclinical cardiovascular disease markersFriend or foe? // Medicine. - 2017.-№96.-Р.47-56 17. Castillo-Rodriguez E1, Fernandez-Prado R, Martin-Cleary C, Pizarro-Sánchez MS, Sanchez-Niño MD, Sanz AB, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Ortiz A. Kidney Injury Marker 1 and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Chronic Kidney Disease // Nephron.2017;136(4):263- 267. doi: 10.1159/000447649. Epub 2016 Oct 22. 18. Chen W1, Levy DS2, Abramowitz MK. Acid Base Balance and Progression of Kidney Disease //SeminNephrol. 2019 Jul;39(4):406-417. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol. 2019.04.009. 19. Choi J, Bano A, Azzi J Biomarkers in Solid Organ Transplantation // Clin Lab Med. 2019 Mar;39(1):73-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.11.003 20. Cicora F, Petroni J, Roberti J. Prophylaxis of Pulmonary Embolism in Kidney Transplant Recipients // CurrUrol Rep. 2018 Feb 23;19(2):17. doi: 10.1007/s11934-018-0759-2.PMID: 29476267 Review. 21. Crépin T, Legendre M, Carron C, Vachey C, Courivaud C, Rebibou JM, Ferrand C, Laheurte C, Vauchy C, Gaiffe E, Saas P, Ducloux D, Bamoulid J. Uraemia-induced immune senescence and clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients //Nephrol Dial Transplant.- 2018 Sep 6. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy276 22. Djamali A, Singh T, Melamed ML, Stein JH, Aziz F, Parajuli S, Mohamed M, Garg N, Mandelbrot D, Wesson DE, Astor BC. Metabolic Acidosis 1 Year Following Kidney Transplantation and Subsequent Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: An Observational Cohort Study //Am J Kidney Dis. - 2019 Jan 28. pii: S0272-6386(19)30002-2. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.12.023. 23. Dobre M, Mahboob R. and Thomas H. Hostetter. Current Status of Bicarbonate in CKD //J Am SocNephrol., 2015 .-Mar; 26(3): 515–523. 24. Dobre M, Yang W, Chen J, Drawz P, Hamm LL, Horwitz E, Hostetter T, Jaar B, Lora CM, Nessel L, Ojo A, Scialla J, Steigerwalt S, Teal V, Wolf M, Rahman M, CRIC Investigators: Association of serum bicarbonate with risk of renal and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD: A report from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study // Am J Kidney Dis 2013. 25. Eustace JA, Astor B, Muntner PM, Ikizler TA, Coresh J: Prevalence of acidosis and inflammation and their association with low serum albumin in chronic kidney disease // Kidney Int, 2004.-65: 1031–1040. 26. Evenepoel P: Recovery versus persistence of disordered mineral metabolism in kidney transplant recipients // SeminNephrol 2013; 33:191- 203. 27. Farrugia D, Cheshire J, Begaj I, Khosla S, Ray D, Sharif A. Death within the first year after kidney transplantation – an observational cohort study // Transpl Int.- 2014; 27: 262. 28. Freitas MHB, Lima LC, Couceiro TCM, Silva WBD, Andrade JM, Freitas MHB. Perioperative factors associated with delayed graft function in renal transplant patients //J Bras Nefrol.2018 Oct-Dec;40(4):360-365. doi: 10.1590/2175–8239-JBN-2018-0020. Epub 2018 Aug 13. 29. Georges B, Huart J, Krzesinski JM, Jouret F. Screening and management of metabolic acidosis in patients with chronic kidney disease // Rev Med Suisse.2018 Aug 22;14(615):1455-1458. 30. Goluza E, Topalović MG, Hudolin T, Konosić S, Kocman IB, Perić M. Disorders of hemostasis in chronic renal failure and renal transplantation // Acta Med Croatica. 2011;65(4):337-47. PMID: 22359906 Review. Croatia 31. Gonzalez-Castro A1, Ortiz-Lasa M2, Peñasco Y2, González C2, Blanco C2, Rodriguez-Borregan JC2. Choice of fluids in the perioperative period of kidney transplantation // Nefrologia.2017 Nov - Dec;37(6):572-578. doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2017.03.022 32. González-Castro A1, Ortiz-Lasa M2, Rodriguez-Borregan JC2, Rodrigo Calabia E3, Ruiz San Millan JC3, Dierssen Soto T4. Influence of Proportion of Normal Saline Administered in the Perioperative Period of Renal Transplantation on Kalemia Levels //Transplant Proc.2018 Mar;50(2):569-571. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.06.040 33. Gutierrez, M O. M. Mannstadt, Isakova T. Fibroblast ´growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis // The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 359, no. 6, pp. 584–592, 2008. 34. Hadimioglu N., ImanSaadawy, TayyupSaglam, ZekiErtug, AyhanDinckan the Effect of Different Crystalloid Solutions on Acid-Base Balance and Early Kidney Function After Kidney Transplantation // International Anesthesia Research Society. - 2008.-Vol. 107:264-269. 35. Jarczyk J, Yard BA2, HoegerS.The Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway as a Conceptual Framework to Treat Inflammation-Mediated Renal Injury //Kidney Blood Press Res. 2019;44(4):435-448. doi: 10.1159/000500920. Epub 2019 Jul 15. 36. Jo HA, Han SS, Lee S, Kim JY, Yang SH, Lee H, Yang J, Lee JP, Joo KW, Lim CS, Kim YS, Ahn C, Han JS, Kim DK. The association of tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13 with recurrence of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in living related kidney transplantation // BMC Nephrol. 2019 Jan 31;20(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1222-4 37. Khwaja A. KDIGO guidelines for care of the kidney transplant recipient // Nephron.Clin. Pract. -2010.-№116 (1). -Р.с27-8. 38. Klammt S., Wojak H.J., Mitzner A. et al. Albumin-binding capacity (ABiC) is reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease along with an accumulation of protein-bound uraemic toxins // Nephrol Dial Transplant. – 2012. – Vol. 27(6). – P. 2377–2383. 39. Laboux T, Azar R. Dietary control of metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease // NephrolTher.2019 Dec;15(7):491-497. doi: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.12.001. Epub 2019 May 2. 40. Leninger principles of biochemistry, 7 editions. D.L. Nelson, M.M. Cox., New York, 2019. 41. Lentine K.L., Kasiske B.L., Levey A.S., Adams P.L., Alberu J, Bakr M.A., Gallon L., Garvey C.A. et al. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Care of Living Kidney Donors // Transplantation. -2017.-Vol.101 (8S Suppl.1).-P/S1-109.42. Lo Sorena B., Richard T. Blaszak, Parajuli N. Targeting Mitochondria during Cold Storage to Maintain Proteasome Function and Improve Renal Outcome after Transplantation// Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 3506; doi:10.3390/ijms21103506. 43. Lu Z, Wang F, Liang M. SerpinC1/Antithrombin III in kidney-related diseases //ClinSci (Lond). 2017 May 1;131(9):823-831. doi: 10.1042/CS20160669.PMID: 28424376 Free PMC article. Review. 44. Malyszko J, Koc-Zorawska E, Kozminski P, Matuszkiewicz-Rowinska J, Malyszko JS. Underrecognition and Underestimation of Disturbances in Calcium-Phosphate Balance in Kidney Transplant Recipients // Transplant Proc. 2018.-№50(6):1790- 1793.doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.155. 45. Marco LD, Bellasi A., Raggi P. Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease: State of Current Research and Clinical Applicability //Hindawi Publishing Corporation Disease Markers. -2015, ID 586569, 16 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/586569. 46. Menon V, Tighiouart H, Vaughn NS, Beck GJ, Kusek JW, Collins AJ, Greene T, Sarnak MJ: Serum bicarbonate and long-term outcomes in CKD // Am J Kidney Dis 2010.-56: 907–914. 47. Messa PG, Alfieri C, Vettoretti S. Metabolic acidosis in renal transplantation: neglected but of potential clinical relevance. NephrolDial Transplant. 2016;31(5):730–6. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv098. [PubMed:25934992]. 48. Michal Wszola, Natalia Olszewska, MartaSerwanska-Swietek, Robert Kuthan,DariuszKawecki, Andrzej Berman, PiotrDomagała, Artur Kwiatkowski, AndrzejChmura Reoperation in Early Kidney Post-transplant Period as a Strong Risk Factor of Surgical Site Infection Occurrence////Transplantation proceeding https ://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.transproceed.2019.05.018Get rights and content 49. Moe S, Drueke T, Cunningham J, Goodman W, Martin K, Olgaard K, Ott S, Sprague S, Lameire N, Eknoyan G. Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO // Kidney Int 2006;69:1945-1953. 50. Mohamedali Mohamed, Srikanth Reddy Maddika, Anix Vyas, ViswanathanIyer, and PramilCheriyath Thyroid Disorders and Chronic Kidney Disease // Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Nephrology Volume 2014, Article ID 520281, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/520281. 51. Mota AP, Alpoim PN, de Figueiredo RC, Simões e Silva AC, Gomes KB, Dusse LM. Hemostatic Parameters according to Renal Function and Time after Transplantation in Brazilian Renal Transplanted Patients // Dis Markers. 2015; 2015:472750. doi: 10.1155/2015/472750. Epub 2015 Jul 1. PMID: 26229221 Free PMC article. 52. Nesseler N1,2,3, Rached A4, Ross JT5, Launey Y4,6, Vigneau C7, Bensalah K8, Beloeil H4,6,9, Mallédant Y4,6, Garlantezec R10,11, Seguin P Association between perioperative normal saline and delayed graft function in deceased-donor kidney transplantation: a retrospective observational study //Can J Anaesth.2020 Jan 27. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01577-9. 53. Ng JC, Leung M, Landsberg D. Evaluation of Heparin Anticoagulation Protocols in Post-Renal Transplant Recipients (EHAP-PoRT Study) // Can J Hosp Pharm. 2016 Mar-Apr;69(2):114-21. doi: 10.4212/cjhp.v69i2.1538. Epub 2016 Apr 29. PMID: 27168632 Free PMC article. 54. Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, van den Berg TAJ, Bakker SJL, van den Heuvel MC, Struys MMRF, Lisman T, Pol RA.Preemptively and nonpreemptively transplanted patients show a comparable hypercoagulable state prior to kidney transplantation compared to living kidney donors //PLoS One. 2018 Jul 16;13(7): e0200537. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200537. eCollection 2018.PMID: 30011293 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial. 55. Nitsch D., Grams M, Sang Y, Black C, Cirillo M., Djurdjev O., Iseki K, Jassal SK Associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with mortality and renal failure by sex: a meta-analysis // BMJ. 2013; 346: f324.Published online 2013 Jan 29. doi: 10.1136/bmj. f324 56. Noraee N, Fathi M, GolestaniEraghi M, Dabbagh A, Massoudi N. The Effect of Intraoperative Alkali Treatment on Recovery from Atracurium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade inRenal Transplantation: A Randomized Trial // Anesth Pain Med. 2017 Jan 1;7(1):e42660. doi: 10.5812/aapm.42660. eCollection 2017 Feb. 57. O'Hare AM., Choi AI, Bertenthal D., et al. Age affects outcomes in chronic kidney disease. J Am SocNephrol. 2007; 18:2758–2765. [PubMed: 17855638] 58. Parajuli S, Lockridge JB, Langewisch ED, Norman DJ, KujovichJL.Hypercoagulability in Kidney Transplant Recipients // Transplantation. 2016 Apr;100(4):719-26. doi: 10.1097/TP. 0000000000000887.PMID: 26413991 59. Park S., Kang E., Park S., Kim Y.C. Metabolic acidosis and long term clinical outcomes in kidney transplantat recipients // J Am SocNephrol, 2017.-28: 1886–1897,. doi: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2016070793. 60. Paschoalin RP., Torregrosa JV., Sánchez-Escuredo A, Barros X, Durán CE, Campistol JM. Cinacalcet treatment for stable kidney transplantation patients with hypercalcemia due to persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism: a long-term follow-up //Transplant Proc. 2012 Nov;44(9):2588-9. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.049. 61. PawlickiJ., L Cierpka, R Król, ZiajaJ. Risk Factors for Early Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Complications After Kidney Transplantation // Transplant Proc. 2011 Oct;43(8):3013-7. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.07.018.PMID: 21996213 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.07.018 62. Piotti G, Gandolfini I, Palmisano A and Maggiore U. Metabolic risk profile in kidney transplant candidates and recipients // Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2018.-№ 1–13 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy151 63. Podkowi´nska Alina, DorotaFormanowicz Chronic Kidney Disease as Oxidative Stress- and Inflammatory-Mediated Cardiovascular Disease// Antioxidants 2020, 9, 752; doi: 10.3390 /antiox 9080752 www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants 64. Pourafshar N1, Pourafshar S1, Soleimani M. Urine Ammonium, Metabolic Acidosis and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease //Nephron.2018;138(3):222-228. doi: 10.1159/000481892. Epub 2017 Oct 19. 65. Raphael KL, Isakova T, Ix JH, Raj DS, Wolf M, Fried LF, Gassman JJ, Kendrick C, Larive B, Flessner MF, Mendley SR, Hostetter TH, Block GA, Li P, Middleton JP, Sprague SM, Wesson DE, Cheung AK. A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety, Adherence, and Pharmacodynamics Profiles of Two Doses of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD: the BASE Pilot Trial // J Am SocNephrol.2020 Jan;31(1):161- 174. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2019030287. Epub 2019 Dec 17. 66. Ray SC1, Baban B2, Tucker MA3, Seaton AJ1, Chang KC1, Mannon EC1, Sun J1, Patel B1, Wilson K1, Musall JB1, Ocasio H1, Irsik D1, Filosa JA1, Sullivan JC1, Marshall B4, Harris RA3, O'Connor PM. Oral NaHCO3 Activates a Splenic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway:Evidence That Cholinergic Signals Are Transmitted via Mesothelial Cells //J Immunol.2018 May 15;200(10):3568-3586. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701605. Epub 2018 Apr 16. 67. Recio-Mayoral A, Banerjee D, Streather C, Kaski JC: Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease—a cross-sectional study of predialysis, dialysis and kidney-transplantation patients // Atherosclerosis, 2011.-216: 446–451. 68. Roderick P, Willis NS, Blakeley S, Jones C, Tomson C. Correction of chronic metabolic acidosis for chronic kidney disease patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007:CD001890. [PubMed: 17253467]. 69. Samir N. Shah, Matthew Abramowitz, Thomas H. Hostetter, Michal L. Melamed. Serum Bicarbonate Levels and the Progression of Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study // Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 August; 54(2): 270–277. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.02.014. 70. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, et al. kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention // Circulation 2003; 108: 2154 71. Siener R. Dietary Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease //Nutrients.2018 Apr 20;10(4). pii: E512. doi: 10.3390/nu10040512 72. Skiba K, Gojowy D, Szotowska M, Bartmańska M, Kolonko A, Cierpka L, Więcek A, Adamczak M. Metabolic acidosis in patients after kidney transplantation //Pol Arch Intern Med., 2018 Sep 12. doi: 10.20452/pamw.4329. 73. Smalcelj R, Kusec V. Impaired regulation of calcium excretion in kidney transplant recipients //Wien KlinWochenschr. 2011 Jun;123(11- 12):334-9. doi: 10.1007/s00508-011-1575-6. Epub 2011 Jun 30. 74. Tejchman K 1 , L Domanski, J Sienko, T Sulikowski, M Kaminski, M Romanowski, K Pabisiak, M Ostrowoski, K Ciechanowski Influence of Perioperational Acid-Base Balance Disorders on Early Graft Function in Kidney Transplantation //Transplantation Proceedings 39(4):848-51. 75. Textbook of the acid-base and oxygen status of the blood, 2012. 76. Thölking G, Mesters R, Dittrich R, Pavenstädt H, Kümpers P, Reuter S. Assessment of Hemostasis after Plasma Exchange Using Rotational Thrombelastometry (ROTEM) //PLoSOne. 2015 Jun 29;10(6): e0130402. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130402. eCollection 2015.PMID: 26121484 Free PMC article. 77. Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, Mao MA, Sakhuja A, Kashani K.U-shape association of serum albumin level and acute kidney injury risk in hospitalized patients//PLoS One. 2018 Jun 21;13(6): e0199153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199153. eCollection 2018. 78. Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W3,4, Mao MA1, Sakhuja A, Erickson SB.Admissionhyperphosphatemia increases the risk of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients // J Nephrol. 2018 Apr;31(2):241-247. doi: 10.1007/s40620-017-0442-6. Epub 2017 Oct 3. 79. Torregrosa JV, Barros X Management of hypercalcemia after renal transplantation //Nefrologia. 2013 Nov 13;33(6):751-7. doi: 10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013. Aug.11888. 80. van den Berg TAJ, Minnee RC, Lisman T, Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, van de Wetering J, Bakker SJL, Pol RA. Perioperative antithrombotic therapy does not increase the incidence of early postoperative thromboembolic complications and bleeding in kidney transplantation - a retrospective study //Transpl Int. 2019 Apr;32(4):418-430. doi: 10.1111/tri.13387. Epub 2019 Jan 2. PMID: 30536448 Free PMC article 81. Vanholder RC, Glorieux GL. An overview of uremic toxicity // HemodialInt. - 2003; 7(2):156–161. 82. Wan S, Roberts MA, Mount P. Normal saline versus lower-chloride solutions for kidney transplantation //Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Aug 9;(8):CD010741. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010741.pub2. 83. Wesson D.E., Simoni J., Broglio K., Sheather S. Acid retention accompanies reduced GFR in humans and increases plasma levels of endothelin and aldosterone // Am J Physiol RenalPhysiol, 2011.- 300: F830–F837. 84. Wesson DE, Mathur V, Tangri N, Stasiv Y, Parsell D, Li E, Klaerner G, Bushinsky DA. Long-term safety and efficacy of veverimer in patients with metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease: a multicentre, randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled, 40-week extension //Lancet.2019 Aug 3;394(10196):396-406. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31388-1. Epub 2019 Jun 24. 85. Wiegand A, Ritter A, Graf N, Arampatzis S, Sidler D, Hadaya K, Müller TF, Wagner CA, Wüthrich RP, Mohebbi N. Preservation of kidney function in kidney transplant recipients by alkali therapy (Preserve-Transplant Study): rationale and study protocol // BMC Nephrol.2018 Jul 13;19(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s12882-018-0956-8. 86. Williams B.O. Insights into the mechanisms of sclerostin action in regulating bone mass accrual // J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:24-28. 87. Wu D.Y., Shinaberger C.S., Regidor D.L., McAllister C.J., Kopple J.D., Kalantar-Zadeh K. Association between serum bicarbonate and death in hemodialysis patients: Is it better to be acidotic or alkalotic? // Clin J Am SocNephrol. -2006.-1: 70–78. 88. WuM.Y., HsuY.H., BaiC.H., LinY.F., WuC.H., TamK.W. Regional citrate versus heparin anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials // Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Jun;59(6):810-8. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.11.030. Epub 2012 Jan 5. PMID: 22226564 Review. 89. ZegarskaJ, HryniewieckaE, ZochowskaD, SamborowskaE, JazwiecR3, MaciejK, NazarewskiS, DadlezM, PaczekL. Evaluation of the Relationship Between Concentrations of Tacrolimus Metabolites, 13-O-Demethyl Tacrolimus and 15-O-Demethyl Tacrolimus, and Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Kidney Transplant Recipients //Transplant Proc.2018 Sep;50(7):2235-2239. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.025. Epub 2018 Mar 13.