Журнал кардиореспираторных исследований 2026. №2/3

Тема статьи

Importance of early diagnosis and treatment in congenital hypothyroidism (71-74)

Авторы

D.E. Salimova

Учреждение

Samarkand State Medical University

Аннотация

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders in children and is caused by a partial or complete deficiency of thyroid hormones. This condition represents a significant medical and social problem, as delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment can lead to irreversible impairments in physical growth, neurodevelopment, and cognitive function. The main causes of congenital hypothyroidism include thyroid dysgenesis, defects in hormone synthesis, and, less commonly, central forms associated with hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction. Neonatal screening plays a crucial role in the early detection of this condition, allowing diagnosis at a preclinical stage and enabling prompt initiation of hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine. Early treatment, particularly within the first weeks of life, is essential for ensuring normal growth, brain development, and metabolic regulation. This review summarizes current data from both domestic and international studies on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of early diagnosis, optimization of screening programs, and increasing awareness among healthcare professionals and parents.

Ключевые слова

congenital hypothyroidism, neonatal screening, thyroid dysgenesis, hormone deficiency, early treatment, pediatric endocrinology

Литературы

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